Magnet traction motors



Aug. 1, 1967 F. A. HILL 3,334,253

MAGNET TRACTION MOTORS Filed April 25, 1966 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR.

Aug. 1, 1967 F. A. H 3,334,253

MAGNET TRACTION MOTORS Filed April 25, 1966 '4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.F! G. I O.

Aug. 1, 1967 F. A. HILL I 3,334,253

' MAGNET TRACTION mo'roas Filed April 25, 1966 4 SheetsSheet 3 64 6STATO'R INVENTOR.

F. A. HILL Aug. 1, I967 MAGNET TRACTION MOTORS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FiledApril 25, 1966 {NVENTOR Fkcwzccs A #222 United States A Patent 3,334,253MAGNET TRACTION MOTORS Francis A. Hill, 420 Palm Circle E., Naples, Fla.33940 Filed Apr. 25, 1966, Ser. No. 552,362 8 Claims. (Cl. 310-82)ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An electric motor with an armature mountedconcentrically on at least one internal gear which can roll aroundinside stationary external gear teeth so that the armature turns in onedirection on its center (clockwise) while being pulled around inside aring of stator magnets in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) byan electric current energizing said stator magnet coils through a rotarybrush commutator, said inner gear driving a power output shaft in saidone direction (clockwise). The armature may also have energized polescoacting with the stator magnet poles.

This application in a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No.386,162, now abandoned and relates to the use of Gerotor gears describedand claimed in US. Patent No. Re. 31,216 and rotoid gears described andclaimed in US. Patent No. 2,666,336 in combination with traction magnetmotors, with added new matter.

Heretofore these gears have been used in hydraulic pumps and motors inwhich both the inner and outer gear rotate.

When used in traction magnet motors the outer gear teeth are heldstationarywhile the inner gear rolls around inside of the outer gearteeth, which are evenly spaced in a circle inside a cylindrical motorshell. These gears have teeth engaging each other in such a way thatwhen the inner gear rolls around inside stationary outer gear teeth thecenter of the inner gear follows the path of a true circle around thecenter of the said outer gear teeth (i.e. the center of the casing).

Consequently, when an armature is fastened to the inner gear its centerwill follow the path of a true circle and will turn at steady angularvelocity for any given speed.

One object of my invention is to arrange the magnets so that like polesare adjacent to each other in order to avoid stray magnetic flux fields.

Another feature of my invention is to use relatively small outer gearteeth as compared to the spaces between them in order to provide widemagnetic pole faces for greater flow of magnetic flux.

Another feature of my invention is to use laminated horse shoe shapedmagnets with thin sheets of soft iron so as to reduce hysteresis,remanentjmagnestism'and stray flux as much as possible.

Another feature of my invention is to show how the stator magnets can belarger in number than the outer gear teeth and the armature have morepoles than the inner gear teeth.

FIG. 1 shows a pair of Gerotors having 4 and teeth with small outer gearteeth.

FIG. 2 shows a pair of Gerotors having large outer gear teeth.

FIG. 3 shows rotoids having 7 and 5 teeth.

FIG. 4 shows the epi system of geometry for the gears in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 shows the epi system of geometry for the gears in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 shows the epi system of geometry for the gears in FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 shows the hypo system of geometry for a gear having 3 and 4teeth.

FIGS. 8 and '9 show gears having non-circular teeth. The tooth profilemay be parts of an ellipse, catenary or other curve when used forgeneration of the teeth of the other gear.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view on line 1010 of FIG. 11 of my magnetictraction motor with a schematic electric circuit superimposed on it.

FIG. 11 is a sectional elevation on line 11--11 in FIG. 10 'showing thehorse shoe shaped statormagnet, the wiring for one magnet, thecommutator, the universal joint for driving the output power shaft, thefloating armature of soft iron with a coil around its central portionfor use when the polarity of a stator magnet is reversed and therotating commutator brush.

FIG. 11A shows the mechanical motion of the fioating armature whichdrives the output 'power shaft. 7

FIG. 12 is a left-hand view of FIG. 13 showing 4 exciting coils, oneeach for the armatures 4 toothed gear teeth and one stator magnet withits Square D coil.

FIG. 13 is a partly schematic drawing of a vertical section of FIG. 12showing the armature mounted between two inner gears on through boltsand one cooperating stator Square D coil.

FIG. 14 shows an end view of one soft iron core armature magnet and itscoil.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of two adjustable commutator rings and twostator coils wired so that one pulls an armature tooth pole into itsstator tooth space while the other stator pole repells the adjacentarmature pole out of its concave pole face.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show vector diagrams of the electrical and mechanicalforces about an outer gear tooth at full mesh.

The geometry in FIGS. 1 to 9 inclusive is described in the abovementioned patents and also in Kinematics of Gerotors, Rotoids and Gearsby Myron P. Hill, the father of applicant.

FIG. 18 shows a cross section of a four sector commutator for FIGS. 12and 13.

FIG. 19 shows a small toothed inner gear rolling around inside 5 largestationary outer gear teeth.

FIG. 20 shows 10 stator coils and 10 stator concave pole faces with an 8toothed armature having 8 pole faces rolling around inside statormagnets and mounted on 4 toothed inner gear in FIG. 19.

FIG. 10 shows a cross section of my magnetic traction motor partly online 10-10 in FIG. 11 and partly schematic. A casing 14 encloses 9traction magnet 14A evenly spaced around inside it. Each magnet 14A hasconcave space curves 12 at each end. FIG. 11 shows the horse shoe shapeat N and S. The space curves 12 at one end have an opposite polarityfrom the space curves 12 at the other end. Between each magnet 14A is apin or outer stationary gear tooth 13. The armature poles have the sameshape as the inner gear teeth. The stator concave pole faces just clearthe armature poles at the position of full mesh so as never to touch thearmature while it rolls around inside the stator magnets. The teeth 13are rigidly mounted in end walls 15 and 16.

The soft iron armature 18 has gears 17 and 19 bolted to it. 17 and 19engage the teeth 13 with which they have a generative relation, In FIGS.11 and 11A seven inner gear teeth engage 9 outer gear teeth 13.

her 25. The members 17, 18 and 19 have no bearings. At least 6 outergear teeth 13 are always in contact with some part of the inner geartooth surfaces 17 and 19 in theory. Actually either 3 or 4 outer gearteeth are always in contact with some part of the inner gear toothsurfaces. At full mesh in FIG. 11A there is a rolling drive between theteeth 13A and 13B with the inner gear 17.

A high speed shaft 19B, centered at 22 with its cam centered at 21 willbe driven 4 /2 times faster than that of the armature around its owncenter 21. A fan can be mounted on it to cool the magnetic tractionmotor.

The output shaft 26 drives the commutator shaft 29 through the gears 27and 28. 26 and 29 rotate at the same speed. The stationary commutatorsectors are connected each to its own Square D coil. Current from lineterminal 33 flows through the wire 33A to brush 32, through shaft 29which is insulated to magnet coils C C and C pulling the armature byinduction to the left in- FIG. and then out through wire 35B to theother line terminal 35'.

Two enlarged commutators 36 and 37 in FIG. are like 31 in FIG. 10.Stator magnets 38 and 39 have two separate windings A-A' and BB'. Whenthe double pole double-throw switch 40 connects L to wire 41 the currentflows through the brush 42, sector 43 and through the coil from A to Aand out through line 44 to terminal L At the same time brush 42 alsocontacts sector 45 connected to coil B-B' but its direction is reversedso that the current flows from B to B. This reverses the polarity of themagnet 38 from that of 39. Magnet 39 exerts a pull on the left armaturetooth 39A while magnet 38 repulses the armature tooth 38A. Coil B-B' mayhave just enough coils to offset hysteresis or remanent magnetism. Or itmay have enough turns to act as an electrical cushion to offset theeccentric throw of the armature. Or it may have enough coils to do allthree. Commutator rings 36 and 37 are adjustable. When switch 40 isreversed shaft 26 will rotate in the reverse direction.

When coil 49 surrounds the central portion of the armature 18 one end 50can be connected to an insulated slip ring 52, brush 53 and wire 54 toterminal 35. The other end 51 is connected to another insulated slipring 55, brush 56, wire 57 and terminal 33.

When coil 49 is used it should be so wound as to make the armature polesthe reverse polarity of the poles of the magnets 14A. This will increasethe tractive force per pole area for a given number of ampere turns. Thesector 45 connected to the reversed windings BB should be long enough inthe circumferential sense to maintain the reverse polarity until thearmature tooth 38A is withdrawn from the concave stator pole face.

Less than half the stator magnets are electrically energized at any onetime while my traction magnet motor is running. The circumferentiallyadjacent poles of the stator magnets have the same polarity at each endof the magnets. This is true of the armature poles also. Consequentlythere are no stray paths for the loss of flux.

In FIG. 12 two 4 toothed inner gears 62 and 64 roll around inside thefive teeth 63 carrying the armature members 65 and 66 and coils 67A,67B, 67C and 67D with them. The soft iron cores 65 and 66 havesuflicient clearance 74A between them and the concave pole faces of themagnets 74 so as to have no metallic contact. The steel bolts 68 conductthe magnetic flux to each soft iron armature poles 65 and 66. The statormagnets are mounted on brackets 72 and 73. One end 70 of each coil suchas 67A connects with a rotating ring 52A (on shaft 26 in FIG. 11 inplace of ring 52) in FIG. 18 at one of its four sectors such as A. Coil67B is connected to sector B; Coil 67C to sector C; and Coil 67D tosector D. A common wire 71 to the other ends of these coils connectswith the other rotating ring 55 (in FIG. 11) to complete the armaturescircuit between the terminals 33 and 35.

This same electric circuit can be used with the 7 and 9 toothed gears inFIGS. 10 and 11. It is also possible to combine this type of individualarmature pole coils with the reverse polarity of the stator magnets asillustrated in FIG. 15 when magnetic polar repulsion is desired.

FIG. 16 shows the directions of the moments of force about the outergear tooth 13. With /a of an inch air gap and 3,000 ampere turns thepull on a tooth of a 2 inch diameter inner gear amounts to 200 lbs.inches. With a A of an inch air gap the pull becomes 6,930 lbs. inchesin the direction of the arrow 75. The resultant vertical pull aroundtooth 13 in the direction of the arrow 76A is 6,930 multiplied by thecosine of the 30 angle between the arrows 75 and 76A which is 6,000 lbs./z inch moment arm=3,000 inch pounds torque. When the stator tooth spaceclearance over the top of an armature tooth pole is reduced to .005 ofan inch this torque becomes over 50,000 lbs. inches. These torques arefor poles having one square inch of area. In order to prevent this hightorque from wrecking a small motor mechanism the brush 30 in FIG. 10 isshown as having left the commutator sector connected to coil C Itcontacts sectors connected to coils C C and C FIG. 17 shows the forcecouples 84 and 85, and 86 and 87 when one stator magnet pulls anarmature pole towards itself and the adjacent stator magnet repels anarmature away from itself when the electric circuit is like that in FIG.15.

In a cheaper form of magnet motor, the stator coils can be omitted whenthe commutator ring in FIG. 18 is used with separate armature coils likethose in FIGS. 12 and 13. This cheaper construction can include the useof one long or thick or wide internal gear with one set of matchingexternal gear teeth.

A permanent minimum air gap at full mesh between the armature poles andthe stator pole faces prevents magnetic sticking.

In FIG. 19 the 4 toothed inner gear 90 (of the type shown in FIGS. 2 and5) rolls around inside 5 large circular outer gear teeth mounted onbolts inside the casing 4. The action is the same as that in FIG. 12except that the gear 90 has small teeth while the gear 62 has largeteeth.

In FIG. 20 the gear 90 carries an armature 95 having 8 or twice as manypoles as there are teeth in the inner gear 90. The 4 teeth in the gear90 are generated by the large circular outer gear teeth 91. The 8 convexpoles in the armature can have the same generated shape as the teeth inthe gear 90 or they can be circular. For ease of manufacture I prefer tohave them circular. As the 8 poles are carried around by the gear 90they will generate 10 concave pole faces in the stator magnets 96. Bymoving the magnets 96 radially outward several thousandths of an inchmagnetic sticking can be prevented as explained above.

Due to the fact that for any given speed the inner gear center 93 alwaysmoves at a steady angular velocity about the center 94 of the outer gearteeth any type of inner gears and outer gear circular teeth can be usedwith any other type such as in FIGS. 3, 6, 7 and 10 or with those inFIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 20 and 21 provided the armature poles generatethe concave stator pole faces and provided the same eccentricity ordistance between the centers 93 and 94 are maintained throughout themechanism.

What I claim is:

1. A magnet traction motor comprising a casing, a plurality of horseshoe stator magnets, each with concave poles evenly spaced apart andarranged in a circle inside said casing, a plurality of stationary outergear teeth arranged in a circle on at least one end member in saidcasing, a power output shaft in said casing, at least one inner geardriving said power output shaft and having fewer teeth than the numberof outer gear teeth so as to roll around inside said outer gear teethsmoothly and evenly at steady angular velocity for any given speed whilecarrying an armature fastened to it, said armature having fewer polesthan the number of poles in said stator magnets, said stator magnet polefaces just clearing with a small air gap the pole faces of saidarmature, an electric energizing coil surrounding each stator magnet, anelectric circuit for energizing said coil comprising a line statormagnet, an electric circuit for energizing said coil comprising a lineterminal connected to a slip ring and rotating brush in a commutator,said brush contacting a ring of sectors in said commutator successively,each sector connected to one end of a stator magnet coil, all the otherends of the stator magnet coils being connected together and to anotherline terminal, an electric current flowing through said circuit toenergize successive magnets only while at least one armature pole isbeing pulled towards at least one stator pole after which said rotatingbrush disconnects said current from said one stator coil, whereby saidelectric circuit causes said armature to revolve around its own centerin a first direction while being carried around by said inner gear in acircular pathin the opposite direction causing said armature and saidinner gear to drive a universal joint member and rotate said power shaftin said first direction.

2. A magnet traction motor according to claim 1 having two insulatedslip rings on said power shaft, each ring connected to a stationarybrush and to a line terminal, one of said rings having as many sectorsas there are positive or negative armature poles, each sector connectedto one end of an armature magnet coil so that the armature poles willhave the reverse polarity from that of the stator poles, having theother ends of said armature magnet coils connected to the other slipring, whereby an electric current flowing through each armature coilwill increase the numbers of lines of force and increase the poweroutput only while said armature poles are under the influence of thestator poles.

3. A magnet traction motor according to claim I having two insulatedslip rings on said power output shaft, each ring connected to astationary brush and to a line terminal, one of said rings having asmany sectors as there are positive or negative poles in said armature,each sector connected to one end of an armature magnet coil so that thearmature poles will have the reverse polarity from that of said statorpoles, having the other ends of said armature magnet coils connected tothe other slip ring, whereby an electric current flowing through eacharmature coil will increase the numbers of lines of force and increasethe power output only while said armature poles are under the influenceof said stator poles, having a second commutator ring with the samenumber of sectors as there are stator magnets, said rotating brush alsocontacting said latter sectors, each of said latter sectors connected toa second coil around said stator magnets so as to reverse the currentand the polarity of said stator magnets only while said armature polesare receding from said stator poles, having all the other ends of saidsecond coils connected to the other line terminal, whereby the electriccurrent flowing through said second coils causes said stator magnets torepel said armature magnets.

4. A magnetic traction motor according to claim 1, in which all thestator magnets with positive poles are provided at one end of saidcasing and the negative poles at the other end of said casing to reducestray flux leakage.

5. A magnet traction motor according to claim 1, having two insulatedslip rings on said power output shaft, each ring connected to the endsof a coil completely surrounding the body of the armature so as to haveall the poles at one end of the armature of opposite polarity from thoseat the other end, having the stator poles of opposite polarity to thoseat the ends of said armature and having said stator poles attract saidarmature poles only while said armature poles are approaching saidstator poles.

6. A magnetic traction motor according to claim 1, in which the numberof armature magnets and the number of stator magnets are multiples ofthe number of teeth in the inner gear and the number of teeth in theouter gear respectively.

7. A magnet traction motor according to claim I having a larger numberof stator and armature magnets than there are teeth in the outer andinner gears respectively.

8. The combination claimed in claim 1, and having a second inner gearrigidly fastened to the other end of said armature and rolling aroundinside another set of stationary outer gear teeth mounted in the otherend of said casing, so that the armature is'supported and carried by twoinner gears while rolling around inside said stator magnets.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,250,947 7/ 1941 Carpenter 310672,561,890 7/1951 Stoddard 310 66 2,761,079 8/ 1956 Hedstrom 310-66MILTON O. HIRSHFIELD, Primary Examiner. I. D. MILLER, AssistantExaminer.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No.3,334,253 August 1, 1967 Francis A. Hill It is hereby certified thaterror appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and thatthe said Letters Patent should read as corrected below Column 5, lines 7and 8, strike out "comprising a line stator magnet, and electric circuitfor energizing said coil Signed and sealed this 11th day of June 1968.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD J. BRENNER Edward M. Fletcher, Jr.

Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer

1. A MAGNET TRACTION MOTOR COMPRISING A CASING, A PLURALITY OF HORSESHOE STATOR MAGNETS, EACH WITH CONCAVE POLES EVENLY SPACED APART ANDARRANGED IN A CIRCLE INSIDE SAID CASING, A PLURALITY OF STATIONARY OUTERGEAR TEETH ARRANGED IN A CIRCLE ON AT LEAST ONE END MEMBER IN SAIDCASING, A POWER OUTPUT SHAFT IN SAID CASING, AT LEAST ONE INNER GEARDRIVING SAID POWER OUTPUT SHAFT AND HAVING FEWER TEETH THAN THE NUMBEROF OUTER GEAR TEETH SO AS TO ROLL AROUND INSIDE SAID OUTER GEAR TEETHSMOOTHLY AND EVENLY AT STEADY ANGULAR VELOCITY FOR ANY GIVEN SPEED WHILECARRYING AN ARMATURE FASTENED TO IT, SAID ARMATURE HAVING FEWER POLESTHAN THE NUMBER OF POLES IN SAID STATOR MAGNETS, SAID STATOR MAGNET POLEFACES JUST CLEARING WITH A SMALL AIR GAP THE POLE FACES OF SAIDARMATURE, AN ELECTRIC ENERGIZING COIL SURROUNDING EACH STATOR MAGNET, ANELECTRIC CIRCUIT FOR ENERGIZING SAID COIL COMPRISING A LINE STATORMAGNET, AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT FOR ENERGIZING SAID COIL COMPRISING A LINETERMINAL CONNECTED TO A SLIP RING AND ROTATING BRUSH IN A COMMUTATOR,SAID BRUSH CONTACTING A RING OF SECTORS IN SAID COMMUTATOR SUCCESSIVELY,EACH SECTOR CONNECTED TO ONE END OF A STATOR MAGNET COIL, ALL THE OTHERENDS OF THE STATOR MAGNET COILS BEING CONNECTED TOGETHER AND TO ANOTHERLINE TERMINAL, AN ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH SAID CIRCUIT TOENERGIZE SUCCESSIVE MAGNETS ONLY WHILE AT LEAST ONE ARMATURE POLE ISBEING PULLED TOWARDS AT LEAST ONE STATOR POLE AFTER WHICH SAID ROTATINGBRUSH DISCONNECTS SAID CURRENT FROM SAID ONE STATOR COIL, WHEREBY SAIDELECTRIC CIRCUIT CAUSES SAID ARMATURE TO REVOLVE AROUND ITS OWN CENTERIN A FIRST DIRECTION WHILE BEING CARRIED AROUND BY SAID INNER GEAR IN ACIRCULAR PATH IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION CAUSING SAID ARMATURE AND SAIDINNER GEAR TO DRIVE A UNIVERSAL JOINT MEMBER AND ROTATE SAID POWER SHAFTIN SAID FIRST DIRECTION.